Lynching - Wikipedia. Lynching is an extrajudicial punishment by an informal group. It is most often used to characterize informal public executions by a mob in order to punish an alleged transgressor, or to intimidate a group. It is an extreme form of informal group social control such as charivari,skimmington, riding the rail, and tarring and feathering, but with a drift towards the display of a public spectacle.

It is to be considered an act of terrorism and punishable by law.[1][2] Instances of it can be found in societies long antedating European settlement of North America.[3][4][5]In the U. S. most perpetrators of lynchings were white and the victims black. The political message—the promotion of white supremacy and black powerlessness—was an important element of the ritual, with lynchings photographed and published as postcards which were popular souvenirs in the U. S.[6][7] As well as being hanged, victims were sometimes burned alive and tortured, with body parts removed and kept as souvenirs.[8]Etymology[edit]The origins of the word "lynch" are obscure, but it likely originated during the American revolution. The verb comes from the phrase "Lynch Law", a term for a punishment without trial.

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Two Americans during this era are generally credited for inventing the phrase: Charles Lynch and William Lynch, who both lived in Virginia in the 1. Charles Lynch has the better claim, as he was known to have used the term in 1. William Lynch isn't known to have used the term until much later. There is no evidence that death was imposed as a punishment by either of the two men.[9] In 1.

Charles Lynch wrote that his assistant had administered "Lynch's law" to Tories "for Dealing with Negroes, & c."[1. In the United States, the origin of the terms lynching and lynch law is traditionally attributed to a Virginia Quaker named Charles Lynch.[1. Charles Lynch (1. Virginia planter and American Revolutionary who headed a county court in Virginia which incarcerated Loyalist supporters of the British for up to one year during the war. While he lacked proper jurisdiction, he claimed this right by arguing wartime necessity. Subsequently, he prevailed upon his friends in the Congress of the Confederation to pass a law which specifically exonerated him and his associates from wrongdoing.

He was concerned that he might face legal action from one or more of those so incarcerated, even though the American Colonies had won the war. This move by the Congress provoked controversy, and it was in connection with this that the term "Lynch law", meaning the assumption of extrajudicial authority, came into common parlance in the United States.

Lynch was not accused of racist bias, and indeed acquitted blacks accused of murder on three separate occasions, as dictated by the facts brought before him.[1. He was accused, however, of ethnic prejudice in his abuse of Welsh miners.[1. William Lynch (1.

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3. Lynching is an extrajudicial punishment by an informal group. It is most often used to characterize informal public executions by a mob in order to punish an alleged.
4. Spanish translations (as in Spain) are very different from other Spanish countries, like for example Argentina (where I come from). Die Hard was translated to “Duro.
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Virginia claimed that the phrase was first used in a 1. Pittsylvania County. While Edgar Allan Poe claimed that he found this document, it was probably a hoax. In Ireland, it is often claimed to be named after James Lynch Fitzstephen from Galway, Ireland, who was the Mayor of Galway when he hanged his own son from the balcony of his house after convicting him of the murder of a Spanish visitor in 1. However, linguistic evidence is strongly against it, and the story was likely invented in the 1.

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Another Irish Lynch is referred to in Thomas Crofton Croker's Researches in the South of Ireland (1. Lynches followed the Twomeys after leaving a chapel, and attacked them with "guns, swords, scythes, pistols, and various other weapons". Although this postdates the American usage, it may have contributed to the spread of the term in Ireland.[1. The archaic verb linch, to beat severely with a pliable instrument, to chastise or to maltreat, has been proposed as the etymological source; but there is no evidence that the word has survived into modern times, so this claim is also considered implausible.[1. History[edit]The legal and cultural antecedents of American lynching were carried across the Atlantic by migrants from the British Isles to colonial North America. Collective violence was a familiar aspect of the early modern Anglo- American legal landscape.

Group violence in the British Atlantic was usually nonlethal in intention and consequence but it occasionally shaded, particularly in the seventeenth century in the context of political turmoil in England and unsettled social and political conditions in the American colonies, into rebellions and riots that took multiple lives.[1. In the United States, during the decades before the Civil War (sometimes called the Antebellum era), assertive free- Blacks, Latinos in the South West and runaways were the objects of racial lynching.[1.

But lynching attacks on U. S. blacks, especially in the South, increased dramatically in the aftermath of the Civil War, after slavery had been abolished and recently freed black men gained the right to vote. Even more violence occurred at the end of the 1. Democrats regained their political power in the South in the 1.

States passed new constitutions or legislation which effectively disenfranchised most blacks and many poor whites, established segregation of public facilities by race, and separated blacks from common public life and facilities. Nearly 3,5. 00 African Americans and 1,3. United States between 1. Lynching in the British Empire during the 1.

Emancipation Act of 1. United States[edit]. Bodies of three men lynched in Georgia, May 1.

Lynching, as a form of punishment for presumed criminal offenses, performed by self- appointed commissions, mobs, or vigilantes without due process of law took place in the United States both before and after the American Civil War, most commonly in Southern states and Western frontier settlements. Racist extremism with an eye to viciousness and public spectacle was frequently evident, as exemplified by the first lynching in St. Louis when in 1. 83.

Mc. Intosh who killed a deputy sheriff while being taken to jail was captured, chained to a tree, and burned to death on a corner lot downtown in front of a crowd of over 1,0. In the South, members of the abolitionist movement or other people who opposed slavery were usually targets of lynch mob violence before the Civil War. During the war, Southern Home Guard units sometimes lynched white Southerners who they suspected of being Unionists or deserters; one example of this was the hanging of Methodist minister Bill Sketoe in the southern Alabama town of Newton in December 1. The largest lynching during the war and perhaps the largest lynching in all of U. S. history, was the lynching of 4. Great Hanging at Gainesville, Texas in October 1. Most of the victims were hanged after an extrajudicial "trial" but at least fourteen of them did not even receive that formality.[2.

The men had been accused of insurrection or treason. Five more men were hanged in Decatur, Texas as part of the same sweep.[2. After the war, southern whites struggled to maintain their social dominance. Secret vigilante and insurgent groups such as the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) instigated extrajudicial assaults and killings in order to keep whites in power and discourage freedmen from voting, working and getting educated. They also sometimes attacked Northerners, teachers, and agents of the Freedmen's Bureau. A study of the period from 1.

KKK was involved in more than 4. The aftermath of the war was a period of upheaval and social turmoil, in which most white men had been war veterans.

Mobs usually alleged crimes for which they lynched blacks. In the late 1. 9th century, however, journalist Ida B. Wells showed that many presumed crimes were either exaggerated or had not even occurred.[2. From the 1. 89. 0s onwards, the majority of those lynched were black,[2. Between 1. 88. 2 and 1. Tuskegee Institute recorded 1,2.