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Zytglogge - Wikipedia. The Zytglogge (Bernese German: /ˈt͡sitˌklɔkːə/) is a landmarkmedievaltower in Bern, Switzerland. Built in the early 1. Despite the many redecorations and renovations it has undergone in its 8. Zytglogge is one of Bern's most recognisable symbols and, with its 1. It is a heritage site of national significance,[1] and part of the Old City of Bern, a UNESCOWorld Cultural Heritage site. History[edit]When it was built around 1.

Zytglogge served as the gate tower of Bern's western fortifications. These were erected after the city's first westward expansion following its de facto independence from the Empire. At that time, the Zytglogge was a squat building of only 1. When the rapid growth of the city and the further expansion of the fortifications (up to the Käfigturm) relegated the tower to second- line status at around 1.

Only after the city's western defences were extended again in 1. Christoffelturm, the Zytglogge was converted to a women's prison, notably housing Pfaffendirnen – "priests' whores", women convicted of sexual relations with clerics.[3] At this time, the Zytglogge also received its first slanted roof.[4]. The Zytglogge as shown on a 1. In the great fire of 1.

It suffered severe structural damage that required thorough repairs, which were not complete until after the last restoration in 1. The prison cells were abandoned[5] and a clock was first installed above the gate in the early 1. This clock, together with the great bell cast in 1. Zytglogge its name, which in Bernese German means "time bell".[5]In the late 1. Zytglogge and the other Bernese gate towers were extended and decorated after the Burgundian Romantic fashion. The Zytglogge received a new lantern (including the metal bellman visible today), four decorative corner towerlets, heraldic decorations and probably its stair tower.[7] The astronomical clock was extended to its current state.

In 1. 52. 7–3. 0, the clockwork was completely rebuilt by Kaspar Brunner, and the gateway was overarched to provide a secure foundation for the heavy machinery.[8]. The Zytglogge's west façade in 1. The Zytglogge's exterior was repainted by Gotthard Ringgli and Kaspar Haldenstein in 1. The corner towerlets were removed again some time before 1.

In 1. 77. 0–7. 1, the Zytglogge was renovated by Niklaus Hebler and Ludwig Emanuel Zehnder, who refurbished the structure in order to suit the tastes of the late Baroque, giving the tower its contemporary outline.[9]Both façades were again repainted in the Rococo style by Rudolf von Steiger in 1. The idealising historicism of the design came to be disliked in the 2. Victor Surbek's fresco "Beginning of Time" and on the east façade, a reconstruction of the 1.

Kurt Indermühle.[9] In 1. Zytglogge was thoroughly renovated again and generally restored to its 1. In the advent season and from Easter until the end of October, it is illuminated after dusk.[1. The Bernese German Zytglogge translates to Zeitglocke in Standard German and to time bell in English; 'Glocke' means 'bell' in German, as in the related term 'glockenspiel'.

A "time bell" was one of the earliest public timekeeping devices, consisting of a clockwork connected to a hammer that rang a small bell at the full hour.[1. Such a device was installed in the Wendelstein in Bern – the tower of the Leutkirche church which the Münster later replaced – in 1. The name of Zytglogge was first recorded in 1. Previously, the tower was referred to as the kebie ("cage", i.

Exterior[edit]External structure[edit]. Detail: wooden Gothic whisker cornice, corner towerlet base and decorative plating. The Zytglogge has an overall height of 5. Its rectangular floor plan measures 1. The wall strengths vary widely, ranging from 2.

The outward appearance of the Zytglogge is determined by the 1. Only the late Gothiccornice below the roof and the stair tower are visible artifacts of the tower's earlier history.[1. The main body of the tower is divided into the two- storey plinth, whose exterior is made of alpine limestone, and the three- storey tower shaft sheathed in sandstone. The shaft's seemingly massive corner blocks are decorative fixtures held in place by visible iron hooks.[1. Below the roof, the cornice spans around the still- visible bases of the former corner towerlets.

The two- story attic is covered by the sweeping, red- tiled, late Gothic spire, in which two spire lights are set to the West and East. They are crowned by ornamental urns with pinecone knobs reconstructed in 1. From atop the spire, the wooden pinnacle, copper- sheathed since 1. Bern.[1. 7]Bells and bell- striker[edit].

Detail: Gilded Jacquemart and hour bell. Below, the top of the smaller quarter- hour bell. The tower's two namesake bronze bells hang in the cupola at its very top.[citation needed]The great hour bell, cast by Johann Reber, has remained unchanged since the tower's reconstruction in 1.

It has a diameter of 1. The inscription on the bell reads, in Latin: "In the October month of the year 1. I was cast by Master John called Reber of Aarau. I am vessel and wax, and to all I tell the hours of the day."[1. When the great bell rings out every full hour, struck by a large clockwork- operated hammer, passers- by see a gilded figure in full harness moving its arm to strike it. The larger- than- life figure of bearded Chronos, the Greek personification of time, is traditionally nicknamed Hans von Thann by the Bernese.[1. The wooden bell- striker, which has been replaced several times, has been a fixture of the Zytglogge since the renewal of the astronomical clock in 1.

The original wooden Chronos might have been created by master craftsman Albrecht von Nürnberg,[2. Watch The Great &Amp; The Small Online Facebook. Hans is a 1. 93. 0 reconstruction of a Baroque original. The bell- striker has been gilded, just like the bells, since 1. Below the hour bell hangs the smaller quarter- hour bell, also rung by a clockwork hammer. It was cast in 1.

Clock faces and façade decorations[edit]. Photograph of astronomical dial with labeled parts. The frieze with Saturn, Jupiter, Mars, Venus, and Mercury.

The western clockface (including some tram cabling). The movement forged in situ in 1. Kaspar Brunner, "cannon ball" pendulum bob on the left. Both principal façades, East and West, are dominated by massive clockfaces. The Zytglogge's first clockface was likely located on the plinth, but was moved up to the center of the shaft during the tower's 1. The eastern clock face features an outer ring of large golden Roman numerals, on which the larger hand indicates the hour, and an inner ring on which the smaller hand indicates the minutes.

The golden sun on the hour hand is pivot- mounted so that it always faces up.[2. Below the clock face one sees an idealised profile of city founder Duke Berchtold V of Zähringen. While the exact decoration of the clockface has varied from renovation to renovation, the current (post- 1. The western clock face has similar hands, but is an integral part of Victor Surbek's 1. Beginning of Time". The painting depicts Chronos swooping down with cape fluttering, and, below the clockface, Adam and Eve's eviction from Paradise by an angel.[2. Astronomical clock[edit]The dial of the Zytglogge's astronomical clock is built in the form of an astrolabe.

It is backed by a stereographically projectedplanisphere divided into three zones: the black night sky, the deep blue zone of dawn and the light blue day sky. The skies are crisscrossed with the golden lines of the horizon, dawn, the tropics and the temporal hours, which divide the time of daylight into twelve hours whose length varies with the time of year.[2. Around the planisphere moves the rete, a web- like metal cutout representing the zodiac, which also features a Julian calendar dial.

Above the rete, a display indicates the day of the week. Because leap days are not supported by the clockwork, the calendar hand has to be reset manually each leap year on 2. February.[1. 1] A moon dial circles the inner ring of the zodiac, displaying the moon phase.